Methob  of making composite



SCPLZ, 1938- RfJ. POMEROY Re. 20,867

METHOD OF' MAKING COMPOSITE PICTURES original File@ Feb. 7, 15527 agi Hy. 9

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@R12/VARY .Z7/APas/r/VE BLUE mwen Neger/ve Ressued Sept. 20, 1938 Roy J. Pomeroy,

Paramount Pictur Original N0. 1,715,510, N0. 166,302, Februar This invention has to ing composite pictures certain aspects, althoug improvements upon 5 of producing lon December 19, 1925, 76,423 maturing as Pa 1928. In said patent I have making composite photograp transparent colored image o iinal negative being expose that transparent imageillurnina complementary color, and to formthe other compone minated by light of s as the transparent image; image playing a par exposes two diiiere exclusively to the d the present invention is no ly an improvement upon sai tain aspects it is an object of to provide specifically a me complementary transparent image, a c be produced entirely fr A broader object, however, accurate and inexpensive a composite photograp from previously taken limited to the use of s as hereinabove referre aspect of my prese stance, an ordinary blac one component, say using selected light and also selected li tographic image of the desi-red composi An improved method, of the aspects of the one volving the us diapositive ins is-the subject matter of a companion application f making composite pictures, with, Serial Number 166,301 Patent 1,783,740 on Janu- The characteristic distinction bed of that patent and the method pplication lies in the fact that tent based on said companion do with methods of makby photography, and in h not exclusively, includes f my method raphs for which I filed application Seri tent 1,673,619 on June l2, described a method of hs by the use'of a f one compon d simultaneously to ted by light of a biect which is nt of the picture illutially the same color the transparent colored e selective action that t parts of th or variations vo composite photog e iinal iilm each esired component.

t limited to being mered prior method, in certhe present invention thod whereby, using and a colored omposite photograph may om previously taken lms. is to provide a simple, method whereby such y be produced entirely films, not necessarily olored transparency d to. And in this broader tion I may use, for ink and white diapositive of ckground scene, and, by for illuminating that image ht for illuminating the phothe other component, produce illuminations,

te photograph.

somewhat similar to some herein to be described, in-

dinary black and white tead of the colored transparency,

entitled Method o filed on even date here and which ma ary 13, 1931. tween the metho of this present' a specifi-cally the pa application sets fo acting on divided plish selective iina The present invent rth the use of two color lters or split light beams, to accoml exposure of the nal film.

ion will bebest understood UNITED STATES PATENT -ori-TCE METHODl OF MAKING COlVIPOSITE PICTURES Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to es Inc., a corporation of New dated June 4, 1929, Serial y 7, 1927. Application for reissue January 5, 1931, Serial No. 506,763

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating one form of op- 5 tical arrangement for my present method;

Fig. 2 is a vie'w illustrating what I term a blue toned negative which may be used in the present method;

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating another optical 10 arrangement, and

Figs. 4 and 5 are similar diagrams illustrating further variations of optical arrangements suitable to the method.

In Fig. 1 I illustrate at I0 'a red background il- 15 luminated by a red light Il. This is merely one typical means of providing illumination of a certain selected colorior the blue transparency I2, which is placed in any focal plane, as for instance directly before the final negative I3, as shown in 20 Fig. l. Lens i4 is focused upon the focal plane oi a blue toned negative 1 5 and upon the focal plane of final negative I3, the blue toned negative being illuminated by blue light from illuminator I6.

The blue transparency I2 may be the same as that described in my said prior Patent No. 1,673,- 019 and is a blue transparent image of one o-f the components, say the background. It will be understood that the m thods herein described are capable of composing any two components whatever their natures may be, and whether or not either or both of them involve motion; but for sake of simplicity I am describing the methods as applied to a simple and typical instance of com- 35 posing the image of an object with the image of a background.' Likewise, although I spec'fically referto the use of red and blue lights, 'a blue transparency and a blue toned negative, it will be understood from the discussion hereinafter that such 40 specific selected colors are not limitations upon the invention. I have used a red transparency with very good results; perhaps even better than the blue transparency.

` Assuming that the blue transparency l2 is an 45 image of a background scene, it may bev made as follows: An ordinary negative of the desired background is first made. From this negative a positive is printed in bichromated gelatin so as to get what is known as a bichromated gelatin image, 50

the'printing of the positive preferably being done through the celluloid or other base of the positive so that the outer face of the bichromated gelatin remains comparatively soft, to be dissolved away by a warm water wash and thus produce a gelatin lected red light,

instance toned blue in any suitable relief, as is well known. This gelatin relief positive is next dyed with a suitable dye, and for the selected color I have found that a mixture of naphthol green and what is known as patent blue (alphazurine) gives a suitable blue colorl renders the gelatin image very transparent and of almost if not quite uniform transparency to blue light over the whole surface of the positive, only the depth of the blueness varying. If this positive is illuminated with blue light, for instance, held to the light with a blue filter interposed, the dye-image substanially disappears. However, if it is illuminated with light that is minus blue, saya se'- the transparent blue positive is in appearance immediately transformed into a black and white'posltive, substantially the same in appearance as an ordinary black and white positive made from the original negative.

Blue transparencies made in the manner above stated I have found to be' sumciently uniformly transparent to completely. However, if the transparency is not suillciently uniform, that condition may be cork.

rected by superposing a yellow transparent corresponding negative-a negative made in the same manner as the blue positivebut colored a selected yellow. This particular feature is however not claimed here, being a part of the subject matter oi my prior application.

If it be desired to use a red transparency the dyeing, I find, can be done very well with safranine; the other steps in preparing the transparency being the same as above set out. Of course if a red transparency is used, the illumination colors, as applied to the two components, will be relatively reversed.

The blue toned negative shown at IB is one that has been made of the object component taken preferably before a black or non-actinic background so that the iield of the resultant negative is transparent. This negative is then for manner. For instance,V it is first bleached as with anide and then chemically toned blue with an iron sait, as for instance iron chloride. The image on this negative being thus of a general blue color that image as a whole is substantially opaque to red light. At the same time itis capable of reflecting blue light as a positive, the reflective blue background being deeper in those parts that were originally most affected by light when the negative was first exposed. Consequently we thus have in the negative I5 an image that is substantially or quite completely opaque to the red light that comes from red background I0, but is reileztive (as a positive) of the blue light from Illuminator |l.` The transparent ground of the blue toned negative will not reect blue light to any extent. The blue light reflected from the face of the object image. Passing through lens I l and falling upon blue transparency I2 passes through that blue transparency substantially as if the transparency were perfectly uniform, and therefore the blue light from negative II, reflecting as a positive, imprints a negative image upon final negative Il. At the same time the red light passing through the transparent portions of negative IB and falling upon blue transparency I2 imprint upon final negative Il all those portions except that blocked out by the image on negative I5. The result is a true and accurate composition of the two components in negative Il.

Now in the aspect of my invention presented by the method of Fig. 1 it will be seen that the charblue light to serve my purposes the impracticabilityvof making :laser characteristics may be attained in manners other than byyusing what I term a blue toned negative. For instance, a negative simply bleached out to a white or whitish color will answer to a certain extent as such a bleached negative has a more or less uniform opaque whiteness throughout-its image with a varying reflectivity for any kind of' find it easiest to achieve praclight. However, I tical results by toning that negative substantially to the color that is selected for transparency I2 as It is therefore more highly reflective as a positive of light of that same color. and is more easily made substantially opaque to a complementary or relatively minus color.

I have said that the blue transparency I2 may I be placed in any focal plane and in Fig. 3 I show it in .the focal plane along with the blue toned negative Il illuminated from behind bythe red Illuminator II. The results of this arrangement will be seen to be exactly the same as the results in Fig. 1: there is no distinction in results, whether the opaque image of the blue tone negative cuts oil' the illuminating light of the blue transparency'before or after that light passes to or through the blue transparency. 'Ihus the blue transparency may be in my present method arranged in either focal plane of the printing or exposure apparatus and the same practical results obtained. Placing it in either focal plane is, in effect, superposing it on the blue toned nega- In my former method (Patent No. 1,673,- 019), it was not practical to make an arrangement corresponding to that of Fig. 3, not because of theoretic impossibility but simply because of a blue transparency of a size to correspond with the actual component object of which an exposure was being made.

Fig. 4 shows a further variation in which a light I Ia of any color including red, say white, may be used behind blue transparency I2, a red filter 2l being used between the light and the transparency.

will then be red; and that can-be obtained by the use of a red light or the use of a red filter I0. or both. As before. negative Il will be illuminated on its face for reilection as a positive, blue light being here chosen because it is best reflected by the blue toned negative. 'I'he final negative Il is then exposed as before, the results being the same as those obtained in Figs. 3 and 4; The red light that passes through diapositive 251s blocked out by the opaque image oi' negative Il, otherwise passing through the transparent field of that negative to form on final negative Il an image of the background except in those parts occupied by the image of the object taken by reflection from negative il. Thus when the background positive is placed in a position that may be described as "outside the object negative, it will be seen that it is of no material consequence what kind of a positive is used; that is, it is not necessary to have a positive of any selected color. And as I have said before, it is only necessary that negative I be opaque or substantially opaque in its image to the light that is used to illuminate the positive. And thus, as I have before mentioned, negative I5 may have, for instance, a white bleached image that is substantially opaque to white light and reective of white as a positive. Consequently it may be practicable in some instances to use such a white bleached negative at l5 and to use white light at both illuminators Il and I6; but for the reasons herelnbefore stated I prefer to use some certain selected colorvfor the tone of negative I5 and then let that negative reflect light of substantially the same color and block out light which has a minus relation to that color.

I claim:

1. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making a transparent image of one component, making a photographic silver deposit image of the other component surrounded by a clear ground, chemically transforming the silver deposit of said image and thereby 'producing an image of the second mentioned component substantially `uniformly opaque to light but reflective of light to show its image details, superposing the two images and illuminating the first image by transmitted light and the second mentioned image by reflected light, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the ilrst image and the second image so illuminated and superposed.

2. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making an image of one component,v

making an image of the other component substantially uniformly opaque to light of a selected color and reflective of light of another selected color, superposing the two images, illuminating the first mentioned image with light of the color to which the second mentioned image is opaque and illuminating the second mentioned image with light of the color to which it is reflective,

` and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the superposed illuminated images.

3. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making an image of one component, making a photographic image of the other component, transforming said photographic image and thereby producing an image of said second mentioned component substantially uniformly opaque to light of a selected color and reflective of light of another selected color, superposing the two images, illuminating the first mentioned image with light of the color to which the second mentioned image is opaque and illuminating the second mentioned limage with light of the color to which it is reflective, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the superposed illuminated images.

4. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making an image of one component, making a photographic silver deposit image of the other component surrounded by a transparent ground, chemically transforming the silver deposit of said image and thereby producing an image of the second mentioned component substantially uniformly opaque to light of a selected color and reflective of light of another selected color, superposing the two images, illuminating the first mentioned image with light of the color to which the second mentioned image is opaque and illuminating the second mentioned image with light of the color to which it is reflective, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the superposed illuminated images.

5. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts., that includes making a transparent image of one component, making an image of the other component opaque to light of a selected color and reflective of light of another selected color, superposing the two images, illuminating the first mentioned image by transmission with light of the color to which the second mentioned image is opaque and illuminating the second mentioned imageqreflectively with light of the color to which it is reflective, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the superposed illuminated images.

6. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making a transparent image of one component, making a photographic image of the other component, transforming said image and thereby producing an image of said second mentioned component opaque to light of a selected color and reflective of light of another selected color, superposing the two images, illuminating the first mentioned image by transmission with light of the color to which the second mentioned image is opaque and illuminating the second mentioned image reflectively with light of the color to which it is reflective, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the superposed illuminated images.

7. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making a transparent image of one component, making a photographic silver deposit image of the other component surrounded by a transparent ground, chemically transforming the silver deposit of said image and thereby producing an image of said second mentioned component opaque to light of a selected color and reflective of light of another selected color, superposing the two images, illuminating the first mentioned image by transmission with light of the color to which the second mentioned image is opaque and illuminating the second mentioned image reflectively with light of the color to which it is reflective, and exposing a fresh actinlc'surface to the superposed illuminated images.

8. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making an image of one component, making a photographic silver deposit image of the other component surrounded by a clear ground, chemically transforming the silver deposit of said image and thereby producing an image of the second mentioned component substantially uniformly opaque to light but reflective of light to show its image details, superposing the two images and illuminating both, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the two images so superposed and illuminated.

9. The 'method of producing a composite photograph embodying two -component parts, that includes superposing images of the two components, one of the images being illuminable by light of a selected color, the other being substantially opaque to that said light and reflective of light of another color, illuminating the images with the light with which they are respectively illumlnable, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to them. 10. The method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts. that includes making a photographic image of one component toned in a selected color, superposlng that image on an image oi' the other component, illuminating the second mentioned component with light of a minus relation to the iirst mentioned color, illuminating the i'irst mentioned image reectively witln light of the iirst` mentioned color, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the superposed images.

1l. 'I'he method .of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making a photographic image of one component toned in a selected color, making an image oi' the other component substantially uniformly transparent. to light of the selected ncolor, superposing the images, illuminating the rst mentioned image reiiectlvely with light of said ilrst mentioned color and illuminating the second mentioned image with light of a color having minus relation to the selected color, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the two images so superposed and illuminated.

12. 'nie method of producing a composite photograph embodying two component parts, that includes making a photographic image oi' one component toned in a selected color so as to be reective of light of that color and substantially uniiormly opaque to light of a color minus in relation to the selected color, making a photographic transparent color image of the other component in the first mentioned color. said second mentioned image being substantially uniformly transparent to light oi' its color but varyingly opaque to light oi' the minus relation color, superposlng the two images, illuminating the ilrst mentioned image retlectively with light of said ilrst mentioned color and illuminating the second mentioned image transmissively with light of the color having a minus relation to the iirst mentioned color, and exposing a fresh actinic surface to the two'images so superposed and illuminated.

ROY J. POMER/OY. 

